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2013年11月至2015年5月,采用简单随机抽样法抽取在武汉市结核病防治所登记的356例肺结核患者,由经培训的调查员采用结构式调查表进行问卷调查,发出问卷356份,收回有效问卷342份,有效率96.07％.分析患者药物治疗依从性现状及不规则治疗的影响因素.342例患者中,39例患者存在不规则治疗,占11.40％,规则治疗的患者303例,占88.60％.多因素回归分析显示,相对于纳入城镇职工医疗保险的患者,纳入城镇居民医疗保险(Wald x2=4.37,P=0.044,OR=1.64,95％ CI=1.12～3.45)、新型农村合作医疗保险(Waldx2=8.13,P=0.013,OR=2.13,95％CI=1.59～3.38)的患者药物治疗依从性较差;认为症状消失后可以停止服药的患者药物治疗依从性较差(Wald x2=5.10,P=0.009,OR=2.70,95％CI=1.65～3.67).可见,影响肺结核患者药物治疗依从性的因素主要包括患者纳入保险的类型和对疾病的认知程度.“,”A questionnaire survey with simple random sampling was conducted by trained questionnaire surveyors to 356 sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients of Wuhan Tuberculosis Prevention and Cure Institute during November 2013 to May 2015.The effective recovery of the questionnaire was 342 with the recovery rate of 96.07％.The status of medication adherence and its impact factors were analyzed.Of 342 patients,39 patients had poor medication adherence (11.40 ％),303 patients had good medication adherence (88.60 ％).Logistic regression analysis revealed that,compared with the patients joining in the medical insurance for urban workers,patients in medical insurance for urban residents (Waldx2 =4.37,P=0.044,OR=1.64,95％CI=1.12-3.45),patients in new rural cooperative medical insurance (Wald x2 =8.13,P=0.013,OR=2.13,95％CI=1.59-3.38) had poorer medication compliance.Patients with poor knowledge of TB had poorer medication compliance (Wald x2=5.10,P=0.009,OR=2.70,95 ％ CI =1.65-3.67).This study revealed that insurance type and knowledge of TB are impact factors for TB medication compliance.