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在审视我国人口老龄化后果及其挑战的基础上,结合劳动力市场变化讨论如何完善城镇职工基本养老保险制度问题。虽然城镇职工基本养老保险制度的覆盖率还很低,但由于退休人员数量快速增长,养老金替代率不断下降。扩大覆盖面虽然从短期来看可以确保替代率水平不再降低,但这一办法最终会随着覆盖率提高失去作用。维持替代率稳定的长期治本之策必须从筹资的角度加以解决。我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度缴费率已经属于世界最高水平,难以进一步提高,在此情况下,把国有经济收益作为养老保险基金的一个稳定来源,不仅可以确保养老保障制度的财务可持续性,而且也会使制度具有鲜明的中国特色。
On the basis of reviewing the consequences of aging population and its challenges in our country, this paper discusses how to improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers in light of changes in the labor market. Although the coverage rate of the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers is still very low, the pension replacement rate has been declining due to the rapid growth of retirees. Expanding Coverage While short-term assurance that the level of replacement rates will no longer diminish, this approach will eventually become ineffective as coverage increases. The long-term policy of maintaining a stable replacement rate must be solved from the perspective of financing. In our country, the contribution rate of the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers is already at the highest level in the world and it is hard to be further improved. Under this circumstance, taking the state-owned economic returns as a stable source of the pension insurance fund can not only ensure the financial sustainability of the pension insurance system, Will also make the system have distinct Chinese characteristics.