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我们前面讲过,在“跳一跳,摘果子”这个比喻中,“摘果子”是指掌握知识,“跳”是指能力。当然,这不是摘取某一个桃子或某一个桔子的特殊技能技巧,而是能够摘取各种各样“果子”的具有广泛适应性的一般能力。心理学研究表明,一个学生要又多又快地掌握知识,不仅需要智力的发展,而且需要情感、意志、性格等心理品质的全面和谐地发展。用赞科夫的话说,这叫做“一般发展”。
As we said earlier, in the parable of “jumping and picking fruit”, “picking fruit” refers to mastery of knowledge and “jumping” refers to ability. This is not, of course, the special skill of picking one or the other peach, but rather the general ability to extract a wide variety of “fruits” with a wide range of adaptability. Psychological studies show that a student to master knowledge more quickly and quickly, not only need the development of intelligence, but also the emotional, will, character and other psychological quality of comprehensive and harmonious development. In Zankov's words, this is called “general development.”