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近年研究,哮喘可分为过敏性哮喘和非过敏性哮喘两种。在国内普遍人群调查中,哮喘的总发病率为0.2％～2％,而对有哮喘病的家系调查显示其发病率为12.06％,有高度家族聚集现象。且其亲属关系越密切,发病率越高:一级亲属>二级亲属>三级亲属,分别为24.3％、9.8％％和4.6％。以往一直认为,哮喘是一种多基因遗传病,环境影响起着重要作用,不一定代代遗传,不受孟德尔遗传规律限制,发病率比较低,而近年国内外都发现属于常染色体显性遗传的支气管哮喘大家系,具有代代遗传的特征,发病人数几乎占家系成员的半数。
In recent years, asthma can be divided into two types of allergic asthma and non-allergic asthma. In the general population survey in China, the overall incidence of asthma was 0.2% to 2%, while the survey of pedigrees with asthma showed that the incidence was 12.06%, with a high degree of familial aggregation. The more closely their kinship was, the higher the incidence was: first-degree relatives> second-degree relatives> third-degree relatives, 24.3%, 9.8% and 4.6% respectively. In the past has always been that asthma is a polygenic disease, environmental impact plays an important role, not necessarily from generation to generation, not subject to Mendel’s genetic rules, the incidence is relatively low, and in recent years have been found at home and abroad are autosomal dominant The genetically large pedigree of bronchial asthma has genetic characteristics from generation to generation and accounts for almost half of all pedigree members.