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目的了解2006-2015年青海省肺结核流行特征,为制定本省结核病防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学的研究方法,对2006-2015年青海省报告的肺结核资料进行统计分析。结果 2006-2015年青海省共报告肺结核61 285例,10年累计发病率为479.75/10万。藏区果洛州、玉树州报告发病率最高,分别为305.79/10万、254.97/10万;西宁市、海东市较低,分别为78.94/10万、78.83/10万,藏区牧民发病是城市、农业区的3倍。患者男女性别比为1.47∶1,青壮年发病多,其中20~44岁组发病人数最多,15岁以上病例占总病例数的96.95%。时间分布以2月份最少,4月份最多,每年的5月开始呈逐月下降的趋势,11月、12月有所上升。职业以农民、牧民和学生为主,分别占发病总数的43.12%、24.33%和7.87%,其中服务员、民工和长途驾驶员涂阳肺结核所占比例较高。涂阳肺结核所占比例呈下降趋势,2014年下降明显;西宁市、海东市涂阳肺结核所占比例较高,未痰检比例果洛州、海南州较高。结论青海省肺结核报告发病率近十年呈平稳趋势,2015年有小幅上升,肺结核发病以春季、农牧民、青壮年、男性多见,新型结核病防治服务模式推行后应加强领导重视,切实落实保障政策,降低全省肺结核发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Qinghai Province from 2006 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control strategies and measures of tuberculosis in this province. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of tuberculosis reported in Qinghai from 2006 to 2015. Results A total of 61 285 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Qinghai Province from 2006 to 2015, with a cumulative incidence of 479.75 / 100,000 in 10 years. The highest incidence was reported in Guoluo and Yushu states of Tibet, which were 305.79 / lakh and 254.97 / lakh respectively, while in Xining and Haidong were 78.94 / lakh and 78.83 / lakh respectively, Three times as many as urban and agricultural areas. The male / female sex ratio was 1.47: 1, with more incidence in young adults, of which 20-44 years old had the most number of cases and the cases over 15 years old accounted for 96.95% of the total cases. The distribution of time was the least in February and the highest in April, with the trend of monthly decline starting in May and rising in November and December. The occupations were dominated by peasants, pastoralists and students, accounting for 43.12%, 24.33% and 7.87% of the total, respectively. Among them, attendants, migrant workers and long-distance drivers accounted for a higher proportion of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The proportion of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis showed a decreasing trend, which dropped significantly in 2014; the proportion of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Xining and Haidong was higher than that in the non-sputum test in Laizhou and Hainan counties. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis in Qinghai Province showed a steady trend in recent ten years with a slight increase in 2015. The incidence of tuberculosis was more common in spring, farmers, herdsmen, young and middle-aged men, and men. The implementation of new TB prevention and treatment service should be strengthened Guarantee policies to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in the province.