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纵观以往化纤单体生产的革新化措施和绿色化进程,大致可分成3个层面:(1)优化工艺,减少跑冒滴漏;(2)改变反应方式或引入新催化剂;(3)彻底改变原料路线.前两个层面的革新多数能达到节能、降耗、降低生产成本的效果,已取得了较多工业化成果.丁二烯或生物质等原料路线试图从第3个层面解决问题,绿色化虽彻底,但或因引入新的有害物质,或因副产物多,目的产物收率太低,物耗和能耗尚难与传统的芳烃原料路线媲美,工业化道路更艰难.为了推进化纤单体生产的绿色化进程,尽早发现新的切入点,找准绿色化方向,本文综述了前人的绿色化成果,试图从原料路线、制备工艺和“三废”处理3个方面追寻“领跑者”的足迹.针对已有工艺的物耗、能耗和生产成本分析比较以及取舍绿色化革新措施时,常因比较边界(范围)不一致,得出偏颇的观点,误导读者,建议先导入原子经济性(质量效率)评价和全生命周期清单分析等过渡指标,再建立更完善的评价体系,逐步达到严格的全生命周期评价、多维评价的水平.
Throughout the past, chemical fiber monomer production innovation and greening process can be broadly divided into three levels: (1) to optimize the process to reduce the dribbling; (2) to change the reaction mode or the introduction of new catalysts; (3) radical change Raw material route.The first two levels of innovation most can achieve the effect of energy saving, lower consumption, lower production costs, has achieved more industrialization results.Buddiene or biomass and other raw materials try to solve the problem from the third level, green Although the thorough, but or because of the introduction of new hazardous substances, or because of the number of by-products, the yield of the target product is too low, material consumption and energy consumption is still difficult with the traditional aromatic raw material routes comparable to the road to industrialization more difficult.In order to promote chemical fiber monomer Green process of production, find new entry points as soon as possible, identify the green direction, this paper reviews the previous achievements of green, trying to track the raw materials route, preparation technology and "Footprint for the existing process for material consumption, energy consumption and production cost analysis and comparison, as well as the choice of green innovation measures, often due to the comparison of the boundaries (range) inconsistent, come to the wrong view, mislead the reader, it is recommended to import atoms economic (Quality efficiency) evaluation and life cycle inventory analysis and other transitional indicators, and then establish a more complete evaluation system, and gradually reach the full life-cycle assessment, multi-dimensional evaluation of the level.