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与航天运载器类似,航天器也可以有单级与多级之分。一个多级航天器是由几个具有动力装置的航天器经串联而成的组合体。本文研究这类航天器的最优变轨问题。多级航天器在有限推力情况下的最优变轨问题,实质上属于多级最优控制问题。本文应用多级最优控制问题的求解原理,讨论有限推力情况下,两级航天器在两共面圆轨道之间的两类最优转移问题,给出了确定最优推力程序和最优转移轨迹的定解方程和定解条件,特别考察了级间分离时刻应满足的条件。本文给出的原理同样适用于非圆形、非共面轨道之间的最优转移问题。
Similar to the space vehicle, spacecraft can also have a single-level and multi-level points. A multi-stage spacecraft is a combination of several powered spacecraft in series. This paper studies the optimal orbital problems of such spacecraft. Multi-stage spacecraft in the case of limited thrust optimal orbit change, in essence, is a multi-level optimal control problem. In this paper, two kinds of optimal transfer problems between two coplanar circular orbits are discussed under the condition of finite thrust. The optimal thrust program and optimal transfer Definite solution equation of trajectory and the solution conditions, in particular, examine the conditions should be met at the time of separation between stages. The principle presented in this paper also applies to the optimal transfer between non-circular and non-coplanar orbits.