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汉语词类的“名动包含”说和“新动单名双”说对现代汉语的词类面貌有很强的解释力。现代汉语有一大批双音节的动词通过语义的“转指”形成了同形的双音节名词,其中有一些还发生了内部结构的“重新分析”。本文分别描写和讨论了这些现象,认为这都是现代汉语共时系统里“名动包含”和“动单名双”这两个基本事实导致的语法效应,尤其是一些原来为“状中”结构的动词变成“定中”结构的名词,难以用语法关系来解释,双音词名词性的吸引力才是根本解释。最后,附带讨论了古人的“词类意识”问题。
The Chinese part - of - noun “名 动 包含” and “新 动 单名 双” say that there is a strong explanatory power for the part - of - speech of modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, a large number of disyllabic verbs form homomorphic two-syllable nouns through the semantic “transliteration ”, and some of them also have “reanalysis ” of internal structure. This paper describes and discusses these phenomena respectively, which are all regarded as the syntactic effects caused by the two basic facts of “名 动 包含 ” and “动作 单名 双 ” in the contemporary Chinese synchronic system, especially some of the original “Verb ” structure of the verb into “fixed ” structure of the noun, it is difficult to explain the relationship between grammar, dialect nominal attraction is the basic explanation. Finally, incidental discussion of the ancients “part of speech ” issue.