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清代北京实行“满汉分城居住”的政策,即八旗军民住居内城,汉官汉民住居外城,由此形成了京师社会两个不同的基本社区。本文拟对内城旗人的社会生活和习俗做些探讨,以说明有清一代北京历史文化的特色及其对城市记忆的烙印。一、旗人的社会组织八旗建立初期,每牛录(后改称为佐领)本为三百人。清朝定鼎北京后,佐领的编制逐渐缩小。康熙十二年十二月六日(1674年1月12日),清廷规定,“每一佐领,除留一百三十人以上、一百四十人以下外,其余丁另合为佐领”~①。此后,尽管各佐领人丁数目不尽完
In the Qing Dynasty, Beijing implemented the policy of “Manchuria city residence”, that is, the Eight Banners military and civilian living in the inner city and the Han official Han people living in the outer city, thus forming two different basic communities in the capital society. This article intends to explore the social life and customs of inner city flags in order to illustrate the characteristics of the history and culture of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty and its imprint on the urban memory. First, the flag of the social organization Eight flags in the early days of establishment, every cattle recorded (later renamed the collar) this is 300. After the Ding dynasty Ding dynasty in Beijing, Zuo Ling’s establishment gradually narrowed. Kangxi twelve years December 6 (January 12, 1674), the Qing court stipulates that “every boss, in addition to leaving more than 130 people, 140 people, the rest of the other As the lead collar ”~ ①. Since then, although the number of people in each sibling has not been completely finished