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目的了解本地区常住居民高血压防控现状和相关影响因素。方法采用多阶段等比例分层整群抽样法于2015年抽取本地区3 358名18~80岁常住居民进行身体一般情况测量(身高、体重、腰围、血压)和问卷调查(年龄、性别、受教育程度、婚姻情况等),剔除收集资料不完整和无效问卷后共回收问卷3 297份;记录被调查对象高血压知晓情况、药物治疗情况和血压控制情况。结果 3 297名调查对象高血压患病率为39.16%(1 291/3 297),不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟/饮酒情况、日常饮食、体质量指数(BMI)值、腰围之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、年龄≥30岁、饮酒、日常非低盐低脂饮食、肥胖、腰围超标是高血压发生的危险因素,大专及以上学历是高血压发生的保护因素。1 291例高血压患者中有761例(58.95%)知晓自己患有高血压,其中男性高血压知晓率明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有643例(49.81%)高血压患者接受过药物治疗,男性高血压治疗率明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有304(23.55%)例患者日常血压控制到正常水平,男性高血压控制率明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本地区高血压防控工作已初见成效,高血压患病率、知晓率和控制率基本达到国内平均水平,但较国外仍存在较大差距;性别、年龄、文化程度、饮酒和日常饮食习惯、腰围和体重是本地区居民高血压患病的主要影响因素,应继续加强对重点人群的防控工作。
Objective To understand the status of hypertension prevention and control in permanent residents in this area and the related influential factors. Methods A total of 3 358 residents from 18 to 80 years old in this area were surveyed by means of multi-stage proportional stratified cluster sampling method for general physical measurement (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure) and questionnaire (age, sex, Education level, marital status, etc.). 3 297 questionnaires were collected after incomplete and invalid questionnaires were collected. The knowledge of hypertension, drug treatment and blood pressure control were recorded. Results The prevalence of hypertension in 3 297 subjects was 39.16% (1291/3 297). The prevalence of hypertension was lower than that of the controls The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male, age ≥30 years old, alcohol consumption, daily non-low-salt low-fat diet, obesity and waist circumference were the risk factors for hypertension. College education and above were the protective factors of hypertension. Among the 291 hypertensive patients, 761 (58.95%) were aware of their hypertension, among which the awareness rate of male hypertension was significantly lower than that of the female (P <0.05); there were 643 cases (49.81% Hypertensive patients received medical treatment, the treatment rate of male hypertension was significantly lower than that of women, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); 304 (23.55%) patients with normal blood pressure control to normal levels of male hypertension was significantly Lower than women, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevention and control of hypertension in this area have achieved initial success. The prevalence rate of hypertension, awareness rate and control rate basically reach the national average level, but there is still a big gap compared with other countries. The gender, age, education level, drinking and daily diet Habit, waist circumference and weight are the main influencing factors of hypertension in residents of this area. We should continue to strengthen the prevention and control of key populations.