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传记文学具有两面性。传记必须以事实或是历史的真实为准绳来进行写作,而文学则是以语言来构筑世界,因此,传记与文学可谓“南辕北辙”。本论文认为这两种截然不同的写作体裁样式(genre)具有结合之点的原因在于它满足了人类不同的欣赏需求,因而存在合理性。历史与事实为研究者所备,而语言营造出的时空、环境与对话则满足了非研究者消遣的需要。语言所构筑的世界既可以对历史事实进行转述,也同样可以对虚拟的“非事实”进行描写。这是语言特质的非工具性质的体现。
Biographical literature has two sides. Biographies must be based on the truth of facts or history as the criterion. Literature, on the other hand, builds the world by language. Therefore, biographies and literature can be described as “diametrically opposed.” This thesis argues that the reason why these two distinct genre styles have a combination of points is that they meet the different needs of humankind’s enjoyment and are therefore justified. History and facts are prepared by the researchers, and the time, space, environment and dialogue created by the language satisfy the needs of non-researchers. The world constructed by language can not only describe the historical facts but also describe the virtual “non-facts ”. This is a non-instrumental manifestation of linguistic traits.