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目的分析江西省高安市2005-2016年肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情及宿主动物监测资料,了解HFRS的流行特征和变化趋势。方法采用描述流行病学方法对高安市HFRS疫情及宿主动物监测资料进行分析。结果 2005-2016年高安市HFRS整体疫情较为平稳,共报告HFRS病例845例,死亡35例,平均发病率为8.41/10万、死亡率为0.38/10万,平均病死率为4.53%,各乡镇均有发病,存在秋冬季和春季两个发病高峰,且秋冬峰高于春峰;发病人群以农民为主,男性发病率高于女性(χ~2=89.52,P=0.01),16~60岁组病例所占比例在实施扩大免疫后发生显著变化,扩大免疫后明显降低(χ~2=18.38,P=0.01)。2005-2016年高安市平均鼠密度为2.43%,2011-2016年室内及室外鼠密度未见明显差异;室内以褐家鼠、室外以黄毛鼠为优势鼠种,平均鼠带病毒指数为0.023 5,2011年鼠带病毒指数明显增高后到2016年都维持在相对较高水平。结论高安市2011年后HFRS发病风险有所增加,扩大免疫规划的实施对高安市HFRS流行特征产生了一定的影响。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and host animal monitoring data of HFRS from 2005 to 2016 in Gaoan City, Jiangxi Province, so as to understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of HFRS. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS in Gao’an and the monitoring data of host animals. Results The overall epidemic situation of HFRS in Gao’an City during 2005-2016 was relatively stable. A total of 845 cases of HFRS were reported and 35 died. The average incidence rate was 8.41 / 100000 with a mortality rate of 0.38 / 100,000 and an average mortality rate of 4.53% There were two incidence peaks in autumn, winter and spring, and autumn and winter peaks were higher than those in Chunfeng. The incidence population was dominated by peasants, and the incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ ~ 2 = 89.52, P = 0.01) The proportion of patients in the group of years after the implementation of the expanded immunization significant changes, significantly reduced after immunization (χ ~ 2 = 18.38, P = 0.01). From 2005 to 2016, the average rat density in Gao’an was 2.43%. There was no significant difference in indoor and outdoor mouse densities between 2011 and 2016. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in the laboratory and Rattus norvegicus was the predominant species in the outdoors. The average rodent virus index was 0.023 5, 2011 rat virus index increased significantly to 2016 are maintained at a relatively high level. Conclusion The risk of HFRS in Gao’an City increased after 2011, and the implementation of the expanded immunization program had a certain impact on the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS in Gao’an.