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N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones,AHLs)信号分子介导的群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)是一种普遍的革兰氏阴性细菌信息交流方式。AHL-QS系统包括Lux I型AHLs合成酶和LuxR型受体蛋白。然而,部分革兰氏阴性菌缺失1个或多个LuxI型AHLs合成酶,仅有未配对的LuxR型受体蛋白,该LuxR型受体蛋白称为LuxR solo或Orphan蛋白。LuxR solos蛋白在细菌窃听、种间和种内的信号交流中起重要作用,为群体感应研究领域的热点。本文主要综述细菌LuxR solos蛋白的发现、基本概念、蛋白结构及类型,阐述感应AHLs和非AHLs信号分子的重要LuxR solos蛋白及功能,并对群体感应LuxR solos蛋白的研究前景和意义进行了展望。
Quorum sensing (QS) mediated by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is a common gram-negative bacterial communication method. The AHL-QS system includes Lux type I AHLs synthase and LuxR receptor proteins. However, some Gram-negative bacteria lack one or more LuxI-type AHLs synthetases, only unpaired LuxR receptor proteins, which are known as LuxR solo or Orphan proteins. LuxR solos protein plays an important role in bacterial eavesdropping, interspecific and intraspecific signal exchange, and is a hot area in the field of population sensing. This review summarizes the discoveries, basic concepts, protein structures and types of the bacterial LuxR solos proteins, and expresses the important LuxR solos proteins and their functions of sensing AHLs and non-AHLs signaling molecules. The prospect and significance of LuxR solos in population sensing are also discussed.