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目的了解2014年南宁市兴宁区麻疹疫情特征,为完善本地区麻疹控制策略提供科学依据。方法通过麻疹监测信息报告管理系统收集2014年兴宁区麻疹病例,描述其人口学特征并绘制流行曲线,通过Ripley’s K函数分析麻疹病例的聚集趋势。结果 2014年兴宁区共登记193例麻疹确诊病例,≥15岁组占总病例的55.96%,<8月龄组占24.87%,其余年龄段构成比在4.14%~15.03%之间。仅4.66%接种过含麻疹成分疫苗,41.45%接种史不详,53.89%从未接种。流动人口占总病例的7.25%,有60.62%的患者发病前7~21d有医院暴露史。麻疹发病高峰后移,位于5-7月,日平均发病例数为0.53例,日最高发病例数为7例。病例住地存在聚集性,兴宁区总病例密度为0.26例/km2,住地100~200m半径范围内密度迅速降低,400m后趋于平稳。各年龄段病例间亦存在相互聚集的趋势。结论 2014年南宁市兴宁区麻疹疫情的疾病负担主要来源于非免疫人口及免疫史不详的人群,要特别注重≥15岁人群发病及作为二代病例的流行病学意义。根据病例间的聚集性,进行病例搜索应选择适当的范围,并注意对不同年龄段疑似病例的识别。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of measles in Xingning district of Nanning in 2014 and provide scientific evidence for improving the measles control strategy in this area. Methods Measles cases were collected from Xingning district in 2014 through measles monitoring information report management system. Demographic characteristics were described and epidemic curves were drawn. The trend of aggregation of measles cases was analyzed by Ripley’s K function. Results A total of 193 confirmed cases of measles were registered in Xingning District in 2014, accounting for 55.96% of the total cases in the group of ≥15 years, 24.87% in the group of <8 months, and 4.14% 15.03% in the remaining age groups. Only 4.66% was vaccinated with measles-containing vaccine, 41.45% vaccination history unknown, 53.89% never vaccinated. Floating population accounted for 7.25% of the total cases, 60.62% of patients before the onset of 7 ~ 21d have a history of hospital exposure. Measles peak after the shift, located in May-July, the average daily incidence of cases was 0.53 cases, the highest incidence of 7 cases. There was a clustering of living conditions in the cases. The total case density in Xingning District was 0.26 cases / km2. The density in the radius of 100-200 meters dwells rapidly decreased and stabilized after 400 meters. There is also a tendency of mutual clustering among all age groups. Conclusions The measles epidemic burden in Xingning District of Nanning in 2014 mainly comes from the non-immunized population and the population with unknown history of immunization. Special attention should be paid to the epidemiological significance of the incidence of ≥15-year-old population and the second generation of cases. According to the aggregation between cases, the case search should select the appropriate range, and pay attention to the identification of suspected cases of different age groups.