目前,受科技创新投入不足、人口红利减弱、资源环境承载压力加大以及世界经济复苏乏力等因素的影响,我国跨越中等收入陷阱面临诸多挑战。借鉴日、韩、拉美等国家和地区的经验教训,我国应加快收入分配改革,扩大中等收入群体,通过劳动生产率的提高来推动产业结构升级,促进城市化和工业化的协调发展,为成功跨越中等收入陷阱做好准备。一、面临的挑战(一)科技创新投入和能力不足科技投入不足严重阻碍了企业的研发和创新能力,对产业结构调整形成严重制约。2011年,我国研究与试验发展(R&D)经费支出 At present, China is facing many challenges across the middle-income trap because of insufficient investment in science and technology, demographic dividend erosion, increasing pressure on resources and the environment, and the sluggish global economic recovery. Draw lessons from Japan, South Korea, Latin America and other countries and regions, our country should speed up income distribution reform, expand middle-income groups, through the improvement of labor productivity to promote the upgrading of industrial structure and promote the coordinated development of urbanization and industrialization, to achieve success across the medium Income trap ready. I. Challenges (1) Investment in science and technology innovation and lack of capacity The insufficient investment in science and technology seriously hinders the R & D and innovation capabilities of enterprises and severely restricts the readjustment of industrial structure. In 2011, China’s research and experimental development (R & D) expenditures