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目的探讨新疆少数民族脑瘫患者围手术期行之有效的护理方法,为提高脑瘫手术临床疗效、最大限度地减少并发症、缩短手术病程提供参考。方法对2013年1月—2015年4月期间收治的116例脑瘫患者中的89例新疆少数民族脑瘫患者临床资料进行了回顾性分析,本组89例脑瘫患者全部采用了肌力肌张力调整术,通过围手术期常规护理和针对本组患者的特征进行了护理干预,系统总结了新疆少数民族脑瘫患者肌力肌张力调整术围手术期有效护理方法。结果本组术后患者中1例发生呕吐物反流,3例发生喉头水肿,3例发生程度不同的术肢末梢血液循环障碍,1例发生压疮,91.01%的脑瘫术后患者效果令人满意,未发生任何并发症,显著缩短了手术住院病程。结论少数民族患者围手术期言语充分沟通理解、反复科学宣教、患者和家长积极配合对患者手术痊愈至关重要;术后加强呼吸道管理,防止呕吐误吸、喉痉挛、舌后坠、喉水肿等呼吸道梗阻,保证全麻后呼吸道通畅,是减少病死率的有力措施;术肢制动与康复训练灵活应用,防止发生血栓性静脉炎、肌肉萎缩、关节僵直等并发症,可尽快恢复术肢功能;术后卧床防止压疮的发生,最大限度地减少患者的痛苦;这是保证术后临床疗效、减少并发症、缩短手术住院病程的四大护理要点。
Objective To explore the effective perioperative nursing methods of cerebral palsy patients in Xinjiang ethnic minorities in order to provide reference for improving the clinical curative effect of cerebral palsy surgery, minimizing the complications and shortening the course of the operation. Methods The clinical data of 89 cases of cerebral palsy among 116 cerebral palsy patients admitted from January 2013 to April 2015 in our country were retrospectively analyzed. All 89 cerebral palsy patients in this group were treated with muscle tone muscle tone adjustment , Through routine perioperative care and nursing interventions for the characteristics of this group of patients, systematically summarizes the Xinjiang Minority cerebral palsy patients with muscle tone muscle tension adjustment perioperative effective nursing methods. Results One patient had postoperative vomit reflux, three patients had laryngeal edema, three had peripheral blood circulation disorder of limbs, one had pressure ulcer and 91.01% had cerebral palsy. Satisfactory, without any complications, significantly shortened the duration of surgery in hospital. Conclusion Minority patients perioperative speech fully communication and understanding, repeated scientific mission, patients and parents actively cooperate with patients with surgical recovery is essential; postoperative management of respiratory tract to prevent vomiting aspiration, laryngospasm, tongue retrogression, laryngeal edema Respiratory tract obstruction, to ensure airway after anesthesia, is a powerful measure to reduce mortality; limbs braking and rehabilitation training flexible application to prevent the occurrence of thrombophlebitis, muscle atrophy, joint stiffness and other complications, as soon as possible to restore limb function ; Postoperative bed rest to prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers to minimize the patient’s pain; This is to ensure that the clinical efficacy, reduce complications and shorten the duration of surgery in the four major points of care.