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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization,the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage.Lowering N input together with the selection of improved Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency (NUE) genotypes,more able to uptake,utilize,and remobilize N available in soils,can be challenging to maintain high crop yields in a sustainable agriculture.The aim of this study was to explore the natural variation among eggplant accessions from different origins,in response to Low (LN) and High (HN) Nitrate (NO3-) supply,to identify NUE-contrasting genotypes and their NUE-related traits,in hydroponic and greenhouse pot experiments.Two eggplants,AM222 and AM22,were identified as N-use efficient and inefficient,respectively,in hydroponic,and these results were confirmed in a pot experiment,when crop yield was also evaluated.Overall,our results indicated the key role of Nutilization component (NUtE) to confer high NUE.The remobilization of N from leaves to fruits may be a strategy to enhance NUtE,suggesting glutamate synthase as a key enzyme.Further,omics technologies will be used for focusing on C-N metabolism interacting networks.The availability of RILs from two other selected NUE-contrasting genotypes will allow us to detect major genes/quantitative trait loci related to NUE.