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市场经济与收入差距扩大乃至两极分化相伴相生,这种观点在我国具有深厚的社会基础并得到广泛认同。但实际上,计划经济中的经济剩余被集中到国家,计划者倾向于满足自己。而在市场经济中,由于存在无数个不同类型、不同规模的生产者,他们在各个环节的竞争将导致居民收入分配比计划经济中的收入分配更为平等。1978-2010年中国的经验数据表明:市场化显著缩小了收入差距,市场化指数每提高1个百分点,基尼系数将缩小0.1个百分点。因此,进一步推进市场化进程,不仅是今后经济转型中的重大现实任务,也是缩小居民收入差距的必然要求。
The market economy is accompanied by the widening income gap and polarization accompanied by polarization. This view has a profound social foundation in our country and is widely recognized. In reality, however, the economic surplus in the planned economy is concentrated in the country, and planners tend to satisfy themselves. In market economy, due to countless different types of producers of different sizes, their competition in all aspects will result in a more equal distribution of income among residents in the planned economy. The empirical data from 1978 to 2010 in China show that marketization has markedly narrowed the income gap. For every 1 percentage point increase in the market-oriented index, the Gini coefficient will be reduced by 0.1 percentage point. Therefore, to further promote the process of marketization is not only a major realistic task in the future economic restructuring, but also an inevitable requirement for narrowing the income gap among the residents.