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目的:了解浙江省象山县麻疹流行特征,为控制麻疹采取相应措施提供参考依据。方法:收集象山县2014年麻疹疫情资料并进行流行病学分析;采用酶联免疫吸附试验对成人血清检测IgG抗体。结果:象山县2014年共报告麻疹病例71例。发病率13.03/10万,主要发病地区为丹西街道、丹东街道墙头、石浦和墙头镇。发病高峰在第七周,<8月龄及≥20岁病例占总病例的95.78%。≥20岁成人麻疹抗体阳性率为阳性率64.64%,抗体平均滴度是255.31IU/L。病例对照研究显示:医疗机构暴露史(OR=20.0,P<0.01)、人民医院暴露史(OR=7.3,P<0.01)、人民医院输液室暴露史(OR=11.0,P<0.01)有统计学意义,提示为该次麻疹高发的危险因素。结论:象山县该次麻疹高发以<8月龄及≥20岁成人为主,医院内感染是重要的危险因素。扩大麻疹疫苗接种,规范开设发热门诊,严格控制院内感染,是防控麻疹疫情的有效措施。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province and to provide reference for controlling measles. Methods: Epidemiological data of measles epidemics in Xiangshan County in 2014 were collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Xiangshan County in 2014 reported a total of 71 cases of measles cases. The incidence of 13.03 / 100000, the main areas of incidence for Danxi Street, Dandong Street wall, Shipu and wall town. Peak incidence in the seventh week, <8 months of age and ≥ 20 years old cases accounted for 95.78% of the total cases. The positive rate of measles antibody in adults aged ≥ 20 years was 64.64%, and the average antibody titer was 255.31 IU / L. The case-control study showed that there was statistical correlation between the exposure history of the hospital (OR = 20.0, P <0.01), the history of the People’s Hospital (OR = 7.3, P <0.01) Significance of learning, suggesting that the high risk of measles. Conclusion: The high incidence of measles in Xiangshan County is mainly of adults aged <8 months and ≥20 years. Infection in the hospital is an important risk factor. Enlarging measles vaccination, establishing a fever clinic and strictly controlling nosocomial infections are effective measures to prevent and control the epidemic of measles.