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太空的极限环境对材料科学家既提出了挑战也带来了机遇。在近地球轨道，宇宙飞船遇到的典型的自然现象，包括真空、热辐射、原子氧、离子化辐射及等离子体，伴随着微陨星体和人造垃圾。例如，国际空间站，在其30多年的运行中，由于出入地球的阴影而要经历175000次从125℃到-125
The extreme environment of space poses both challenges and opportunities for material scientists. Typical near-Earth orbiting natural phenomena encountered by spacecraft, including vacuum, thermal radiation, atomic oxygen, ionizing radiation and plasma, along with micrometeorites and man-made debris. For example, the International Space Station, over its more than 30 years of operation, has experienced 175,000 cycles from 125 ° C to -125 due to the shadow of the Earth’s access