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目的了解新疆大型煤矿职业病危害因素的浓度(或强度)。方法采用流行病学的方法,对新疆20家100×104 t/a以上大型煤矿工作场所中职业病危害因素进行检测与分析。结果新疆大型井工煤矿的掘进、采煤、运输、选煤及露天煤矿的选煤等工作场所中粉尘浓度及噪声强度合格率低;选煤厂工作场所中粉尘浓度合格率仅为12.5%,煤矿采煤场所总粉尘浓度可高达349.2 mg/m3,采煤场所噪声强度合格率仅为39.7%。检测的20家煤矿中,只有1家煤矿的井下工作场所中硫化氢及一氧化碳浓度超标,采煤场所一氧化碳浓度最高为56.5 mg/m3,硫化氢浓度最高为98.3 mg/m3;煤矿工作场所中一氧化碳及硫化氢浓度合格率均为95%,二氧化碳和二氧化氮浓度合格率均为100%。结论新疆100万t/a以上大型井工煤矿工作场所中粉尘浓度及噪声强度超标严重,露天煤矿工作场所中粉尘浓度、噪声强度及有毒气体浓度合格率均较高。
Objective To understand the concentration (or intensity) of occupational hazards in large coal mines in Xinjiang. Methods The epidemiological methods were used to detect and analyze occupational hazards in the workplace of 20 large coal mines with the size of 100 × 104 t / a in Xinjiang. Results The qualified rate of dust concentration and noise intensity in coal mining, transportation, coal preparation and coal preparation of open-pit coal mines was low in large-scale Jingong coal mine in Xinjiang. The passing rate of dust concentration in the workplace of coal preparation plant was only 12.5% The total dust concentration in coal mining sites can reach as high as 349.2 mg / m3, and the passing rate of noise intensity in coal mining sites is only 39.7%. Among the 20 coal mines tested, only one coal mine has an out-of-range concentration of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide in its workplace. The highest concentration of carbon monoxide in coal mining sites is 56.5 mg / m3 and the highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide is 98.3 mg / m3. Coal mine workplace carbon monoxide And hydrogen sulfide concentration of 95% pass rate, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentration of 100% pass rate. Conclusion The dust concentration and noise intensity in the large-scale coal mine of over 1 million t / a in Xinjiang exceeded the standard seriously. The dust concentration, noise intensity and toxic gas concentration in the workplace of the open-pit coal mine were all high.