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目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜(AP)的临床特点及肾损害的相关因素。方法对253例AP患儿的发病特点、临床表现及肾损害相关因素进行回顾性分析。结果253例AP患儿年龄>7岁158例(62.45%),乡村患儿169例(66.80%),春冬季发病168例(66.40%),感染为诱因126例(49.80%)。AP首发症状主要为单纯紫癜164例(64.82%),单纯关节痛30例(11.86%)。肾损害发生率男性(43.97%)高于女性(26.79%),紫癜复发者(56.36%)高于初发者(30.81%)(P<0.01)。表现单纯紫癜、紫癜加关节症状、紫癜加消化道症状、紫癜加消化道加关节症状者肾损害发生率分别为17.71%、30.56%、59.02%、70.80%。结论AP发病以学龄儿童、乡村患儿、春冬季较多,感染为第一位诱因。男性和复发患儿肾损害发生率较高;AP早期出现较多肾外症状,尤其是消化道症状者,易发生肾损害。
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (AP) and related factors of renal damage. Methods The incidence of 253 cases of AP children with clinical manifestations and renal damage related factors were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 253 AP patients (62.45%) were aged 7 years, 169 patients (66.80%) were rural residents, 168 patients (66.40%) were infected in spring and winter, and 126 (49.80%) were induced as incentives. The main symptoms of AP were pure purpura in 164 cases (64.82%) and simple joint pain in 30 cases (11.86%). The incidence of renal damage was significantly higher in male than in female (43.97%), female (26.79%), and purpura recurrence (56.36%) (30.81%) (P <0.01). Pure purpura, purpura and joint symptoms, purpura and gastrointestinal symptoms, purpura and digestive tract plus joint symptoms of renal damage were 17.71%, 30.56%, 59.02%, 70.80%. Conclusion AP incidence of school-age children, rural children, spring and winter more, infection as the first incentive. Male and recurrent children with a higher incidence of renal damage; early AP more renal symptoms, especially those with gastrointestinal symptoms, prone to kidney damage.