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根据《中华人民共和国居民委员会组织法》(以下简称《居委会组织法》)的规定,我国城镇的居委会主要有三大功能,即:自我管理,自我教育,自我服务。随着我国经济体制改革的逐渐深化,企业下岗职工的增多,使居委会面临的管理、教育和服务对象在质和量两个方面都发生了明显的变化,这种变化必然带来功能上的改变。借代物理学中“功能放大”的概念,暂且称之为“居委会功能的有限放大”。具体的说,居委会功能放大是指在其原有三大功能的基础上又新增加了基层社会保障的功能。这一“放大”后的功能主要是帮助企业下岗职工(在家闲居期间)介绍职业和协助政府建立城市居民最低生活保障制度。前者多属自发行为,后者则是政府行为。面对这些变化,一些居委会干部莫衷一是,有的认为是额外负担,有的感到束手无策,有的则以变应变,做出了骄人的业绩。那么,究竟怎样分析和对待这些变化并从中找出规律性的东西呢?本文试图在调查研究的基础上提出并初步解答几个带有普遍性的问题。
According to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Restructuring of Residential Committees (hereinafter referred to as “the Organic Law of Residential Committees”), the neighborhood committees of our cities and towns mainly have three major functions: self-management, self-education and self-service. With the gradual deepening of China’s economic system reform, the increase of laid-off workers makes the management, education and service targets of residents’ committees obviously change both in quality and quantity, and this change will inevitably bring about a change in function . The concept of “functional enlargement” in metaphysics is tentatively referred to as “the limited enlargement of functions of neighborhood committees”. Specifically, the function enlargement of neighborhood committees refers to the newly added functions of grass-roots social security on the basis of their original three major functions. The function of this “enlargement” is mainly to help laid-off workers (during their leisure time at home) to introduce occupations and assist the government in establishing the minimum living allowance for urban residents. The former is mostly spontaneous behavior, while the latter is a government act. In the face of these changes, some cadres in neighborhood committees do not agree with one another. Some think it is an extra burden and some feel helpless. Others are adapting to changes and made remarkable achievements. So, how to analyze and treat these changes and find the regularity of things from it? This article attempts to put forward and preliminary answer to several common problems based on the investigation and study.