县令们在向百姓征收国家正赋时,通常都要比国家规定的多收。多出这些钱,除了县令本人享受外,还要送给上级领导,这就叫陋规。清代地方官最主要的收入,是“陋规”。这个“陋”字反映了世人对它的道德判断。其实陋规的产生,主要是因为地方财政钱不够花。地方政府运转中需要大量开支。因此清代财政收入名义上也分成两部分:一部分叫起运,运交给中央。一部分称作存留,存留在地方衙门。不过由于制度设计的自私性和短视性,皇帝们只重视中央财政,地方开支留得 County magistrates in the collection of the country is Fu, usually more than the state regulations overcharged. More money out of this, in addition to the county magistrate I enjoy, but also to the higher leadership, which is called the bad rules. The most important income of local officials in the Qing Dynasty was “poor rules”. This “ugly” word reflects the world’s moral judgment of it. In fact, the birth of the bad rules is mainly because the local financial money is not enough. Local government operations require a lot of expenses. Therefore, the revenue of the Qing Dynasty is also divided into two parts in nominal terms: one is called transportation and the other is transportation to the Central Government. Some are called deposits, kept in local yamen. However, due to the selfishness and short-sightedness of the system design, the emperors only attached importance to the central finance and retained local expenses