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交通标志与驾驶员、车辆、道路环境构成了一个复杂的人机系统。基于人机工程学理论,给出了驾驶员认知模型框架,分析了人机系统中影响驾驶员认知的各影响因素及其相互作用关系;运用马尔可夫过程理论对交通标志信息作用于驾驶员的过程进行了阶段性划分,将驾驶员的认知过程分为4个状态——觉察、识读、决策、操作,阐述了各状态在人机系统中的相互关系;解析了4个状态中驾驶员加工、处理信息的过程,结合已有研究成果和大量的问卷调查,根据驾驶员信息处理状态间的转移特性及其影响因素,从人机工程学角度提取并建立了评价交通标志有效性的指标体系。研究成果可为交通标志的合理设计、设置及评价提供理论依据。
Traffic signs and drivers, vehicles, the road environment constitutes a complex man-machine system. Based on the theory of ergonomics, the driver cognitive model framework is given, and the influencing factors and their interaction of drivers’ cognition in human-machine system are analyzed. The application of Markov process theory to traffic sign information The driver’s process is divided into stages, which divides the driver’s cognitive process into four states: perception, reading, decision-making and operation, and expounds the relationship between the states in the man-machine system. State of the driver processing and information processing, combined with existing research results and a large number of questionnaires, according to the state of the driver information transfer between the state and its influencing factors, from the ergonomic point of view to extract and establish a traffic sign evaluation Effectiveness of the index system. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable design, setting and evaluation of traffic signs.