1983年,广东省物资局改为省物资总公司,从行政管理机关变为经济组织机构。这一改革,在全国省级物资部门中,多年来是独家特色,众说纷纭。笔者通过学习十四大文件,结合切身经历,以一孔之见参加议论。广东历来基础工业薄弱,轻工业较发达,本省资源不足,主要的原材料、燃料均须从省外或国外调入。由于地处沿海,在计划经济体制时期,不是国家投资重点。第一个五年计划全省纳入国家统配物资的企业只有90多户,供应数量更少得可怜;其它绝大多数企业生产建设所需的物资都由商业部门的五金、交电、化工、煤建等公司通过市场来供应。1959年以后,全部工业企业均由物资部门按计划供应。因基数小、大企业少、国家重点建设项目少,故分配的数量也少,并年年在此水平上浮动,形成计划分配物资远远达不到需求。 In 1983, the Guangdong Provincial Materials Bureau was changed to the Provincial Material Corporation, which changed from an administrative organ to an economic organization. This reform has been an exclusive feature for many years in the province’s provincial-level materials department. Through the study of the 14 major documents, the author combined his personal experience and participated in the discussion with an insight. In Guangdong Province, basic industries have always been weak, light industry is more developed, and resources in this province are insufficient. The main raw materials and fuels must be transferred from outside the province or abroad. Due to its location on the coast, it is not a national investment priority during the period of the planned economic system. In the first five-year plan, only over 90 enterprises were included in the province’s unified distribution materials, and the supply was even less; the vast majority of other materials required for production and construction were made up of commercial hardware, electricity, and chemicals. Coal companies and other companies supply them through the market. After 1959, all industrial enterprises were supplied by the materials department as planned. Due to the small number of bases, fewer large enterprises, and few key national construction projects, the number of allocations is also small, and it is floating at this level year after year. The planned allocation of materials is far from the demand.