宪法的概念.是宪法学中要明确的首要问题.它不仅关系宪法的实质与作用.更主要的是它在很大程度上影响宪法学科的体系和研究宪法的方法.而现行有关的宪法学论著对之并未引起足够的重视,所以有必要对这个问题作一点探讨.一、现有宪法的概念综观国内各种宪法学论著(主要是宪法学教材).关于宪法的概念,主要有以下几种:“宪法是规定一个国家根本性问题,使民主制度法律化,集中体现统治阶级利益和意志,反映各种政治力量实际对比关系的国家根本法.”(《中国宪法教程》)司法部法学教材)“宪法是法的组成部分,是集中反映了各种政治力量的实际对比关系,规定国家根本任务和根本制度,即社会制度、国家制度的原则和国家政权的组织以及公民基本权利和自由等内容,它是国家根本大法,具有最高的法律效力.”(《宪法学》法学自学考试教材)“宪法是集中体现统治阶级的意志和利益.确认、规定国家制度和社会制度的基本原则,具有最高法律效力的根本法.”(《宪法教程》司法部教材)“宪法是确定社会制度和国家制度基本原则等具有最高法律效力的法律规范的总和.”(《资本主义国家宪法》郑全咸主编)……由于教材种类繁多.无法一一列举.我们不难发现它们都是从宪法的特点,譬如从本质上,从内容上,从效力上等某一方面或者某几方面来 The concept of the constitution is the most important issue to be clarified in constitutional law, which not only relates to the essence and function of the constitution, but more importantly, it greatly influences the system of constitutional discipline and the method of studying the constitution, while the relevant relevant constitutional law Therefore, it is necessary to make some discussion on this issue.First, the concept of the existing constitution A comprehensive review of the various constitutional studies in the country (mainly constitutional textbooks) .The concept of the constitution, mainly in the following Several: “The Constitution is the Fundamental Law of the People’s Republic of China that defines the fundamental issue of a country, legalizes the democratic system, embodies the interests and will of the ruling class and reflects the actual contrast between various political forces.” (“The Constitution of China”) Law of the Ministry of Justice Textbooks) “The Constitution, as an integral part of law, is a concentrated reflection of the actual contrast between various political forces and stipulates the fundamental tasks and fundamental systems of the state, namely, the social system, the principles of the state system and the organization of state power, as well as the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens And other content, it is the fundamental law of the country, with the highest legal effect. ”(“ Constitutional Law ”self-study exam teaching materials)“ Constitution is set Embodying the will and interests of the ruling class, affirming and stipulating the basic principles of the state system and social system and having the fundamental law of the highest legal effect. ”(Constitutional Course, Ministry of Justice Textbook)“ The Constitution is the fundamental principle of determining the social system and state system, The highest legal effect of the sum of legal norms. ”(" Capitalist Constitution Zheng Chengheng editor) ... ... because of a wide range of materials can not be enumerated. We can easily find that they are all from the constitutional characteristics, such as in essence, from Content, from the efficacy of one or some of the aspects