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土壤食物网在维持生态系统生产力和健康等方面起着重要作用,但现代农业中,化肥农药等外部投入已经改变或部分替代了土壤食物网的功能,由此也造成一系列的环境问题。为了协调作物高产与环境保护的利益,需要对土壤食物网进行管理,使土壤食物网符合作物生长的需要,即建立健康土壤食物网。管理土壤食物网有两种方式:(1)直接方式,即通过调节食物网各个功能群的组成来管理土壤食物网;(2)间接方式,即根据农田土壤食物网以自下而上调控方式为主、强调低营养阶层的资源限制的原理,通过调节碎屑的数量和质量来管理食物网。在这两种调控方式中,都需要对被管理的食物网进行监测,监测的方式也分两种,一种是直接测定食物网各功能群的数量和生物量,另外一种方式即以线虫为工具来反应土壤食物网的结构。
Soil food web plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem productivity and health. However, in modern agriculture, external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides have changed or partially replaced the functions of soil food webs, resulting in a series of environmental problems. In order to coordinate the benefits of high crop yield and environmental protection, the soil food web needs to be managed so as to make the soil food web meet the needs of crop growth, that is, to establish a healthy soil food web. There are two ways to manage a soil food web: (1) a direct approach whereby soil food webs are managed by regulating the composition of each functional group of food webs; (2) an indirect approach whereby bottom-up regulation based on farmland soil food webs , Emphasizing the principle of resource constraints for low-nutrition classes and managing food webs by adjusting the quantity and quality of debris. In both of these modes of control, there is a need to monitor managed food webs in two ways: one is to directly measure the quantity and biomass of each functional group in the food web, and the other is to use nematodes As a tool to reflect the structure of soil food web.