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【目的】分析吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国(以下简称吉国)与中国新疆土壤有机质的变化情况及原因,为该国土壤培肥提供对策,保障其农业可持续发展。【方法】采用实地考察及相关文献资料方法,分析研究吉国7个州22~35 a间的耕地土壤有机质变化情况和中国新疆30 a间的耕地土壤有机质变化情况。【结果】吉国耕地土壤有机质含量近30年呈不断下降趋势;新疆耕地土壤有机质近30年来多趋于上升,个别地区有机质呈下降趋势。【结论】新疆氮磷钾长期配合施用并配施有机肥的施肥方式有利于保持并增加土壤有机质;吉国在有限施用有机肥情况下,很少或不施化肥的施肥方式造成长期消耗土壤肥力,有机质呈下降趋势。
【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes of soil organic matter in the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter referred to as Kyrgyzstan) and Xinjiang, China, and to provide countermeasures for soil fertility improvement in the country so as to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. 【Method】 The field investigation and related literatures were used to analyze the changes of soil organic matter in cultivated land from 22 to 35 years in seven states of Kyrgyzstan and the changes of soil organic matter in cultivated land within 30 years in Xinjiang, China. 【Result】 The results showed that soil organic matter content in the arable land in Ji country decreased continuously in recent 30 years. Soil organic matter in cultivated land tended to increase in recent 30 years and organic matter in some areas showed a decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of N, P and K in combination with organic fertilizers in Xinjiang is good for maintaining and increasing soil organic matter. With the limited application of organic fertilizers in Kyrgyzstan, fertilizers with little or no fertilizer resulted in long-term consumption of soil fertility, Organic matter showed a downward trend.