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古典经济学是主张自由放任的经济学说,认为在市场机制充分发挥作用的情况下,不会发生危机,也不会存在失业。本世纪30年代,西方国家爆发了空前的经济萧条,利用古典经济学无法做出令人信服的解释,也提不出更好的医治办法,产生了西方经济学的第一次危机。正是在这种情况下,英国经济学家凯恩斯于1936年出版了《就业、利息和货币通论》,提出古典经济学说中的充分就业在经济发展中只是一个特例。凯恩斯在《通论》中提出的就业理论和反危机的经济政策,被称做凯恩斯革命。70年代以前,凯恩斯的经济理论和政策主张一直是西方国家经济思想的核心和西方主要发达国家经济政策的基础。但是,从70年代以后,凯恩斯的学说暴露了它不少固有的缺陷和不足,利用凯恩斯主义理论无法解释西方国家经济中出现的滞胀,于
Classical economics advocates the doctrine of laissez-faire economics that there will be no crisis and no unemployment if market mechanisms are fully utilized. In the 1930s, the unprecedented economic recession broke out in western countries. The use of classical economics can not make convincing explanations and can not provide better treatment. This has brought about the first crisis in western economics. It is in this context that the British economist Keynes published the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936, arguing that full employment in classical economic theory is only a special case of economic development. Keynes’s employment theory and the anti-crisis economic policy put forward in General Theory are called the Keynesian revolution. Prior to the 1970s, Keynes’s economic theory and policy advocacy have been the core of economic thinking in western countries and the basis of economic policies in the major western developed countries. However, Keynes’s doctrine has exposed many inherent weaknesses and shortcomings since the 1970s. The use of Keynesian theory can not explain the stagnation in Western economies,