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目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童被动和主动内隐视觉空间注意特点。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)ADHD诊断标准的儿童25例,以及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常儿童18名。分别测试反映被动内隐视觉空间注意的pop-out视觉搜索任务及反映主动内隐视觉空间注意的线索-目标视觉搜索任务,比较两组反应时(RT)、正确率和个体内反应时标准差(ISD)。结果:Pop-out视觉搜索任务中,ADHD儿童[(637.4±132.0)ms vs.(626.3±125.0)ms]和正常儿童[(635.5±131.1)ms vs.(626.6±138.5)ms]对左视野目标反应时均长于右视野(均P<0.05),但是两组之间反应时、总体正确率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);正常儿童左视野正确率低于右视野[(92.3±9.4)%vs.(94.5±8.1)%,P<0.01],而ADHD儿童左右视野正确率差异无统计学意义[(91.9±7.4)%vs.(90.7±7.5)%,P>0.05],ADHD儿童ISD大于正常儿童[(185.4±48.0)ms vs.(137.5±36.7)ms,P<0.01]。线索-目标任务中,ADHD儿童和正常儿童对左视野的目标反应时均长于右视野[ADHD组,(641.1±94.2)ms vs.(629.1±83.1)ms;正常对照组,(626.3±128.6)ms vs.(614.9±133.1)ms;均P<0.05],且线索提示有效目标反应时短于线索提示无效[ADHD组,(627.6±89.4)msvs.(654.3±84.6)ms,P<0.01;正常对照组,(615.4±132.5)ms vs.(627.3±127.5)ms,P<0.01];两组之间反应时和正确率差异无统计学意义,ADHD儿童ISD大于正常儿童[(200.1±46.8)ms vs.(147.8±32.8)ms,P=0.05]。结论:与正常儿童相比,ADHD儿童无论是被动还是主动内隐视觉空间注意,其注意力状态均不稳定,波动性增大,注意力维持困难。
Objective: To investigate the attentional characteristics of passive and active implicit visual space in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Twenty-five children with ADHD diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (Version 4) and 18 normal children of the same age and gender were selected. The pop-out visual search task and the cue-target visual search task, which reflect the attention of the passive implicit visual space, were tested respectively. The response time (RT), accuracy and standard deviation (ISD). Results: In the visual search task of Pop-out, ADHD children [(637.4 ± 132.0) ms vs. (626.3 ± 125.0) ms] and normal children [(635.5 ± 131.1) ms vs. (626.6 ± 138.5) ms] (P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the overall correct rate between the two groups (all P> 0.05). The correct rate of left visual field in normal children was lower than that in right visual field [(92.3 ± 9.4% vs 94.5% ± 8.1%, P <0.01]. However, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of right and left vision in children with ADHD (91.9 ± 7.4% vs 90.7 ± 7.5%, P 0.05) The ISD in ADHD children was higher than that in normal children [(185.4 ± 48.0) ms vs. (137.5 ± 36.7) ms, P <0.01]. In the cue-target task, both ADHD and normal children responded longer to the right visual field when compared with the right visual field [641.1 ± 94.2] ms vs (629.1 ± 83.1) ms in the ADHD group; (626.3 ± 128.6) ms vs (614.9 ± 133.1) ms, all P <0.05], and the cues suggested that the effective target response was shorter than the cue prompt [ADHD group, (627.6 ± 89.4) ms vs (654.3 ± 84.6) ms, P < (615.4 ± 132.5) ms vs. (627.3 ± 127.5) ms, P <0.01]. There was no significant difference in response time and correct rate between the two groups. The ISD in children with ADHD was significantly higher than that in normal children [(200.1 ± 46.8 ) ms vs. (147.8 ± 32.8) ms, P = 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with normal children, children with ADHD, both passive and active, perceived the attentional state of attention was unstable and fluctuating, and their attention was difficult to maintain.