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目的调查老年患者下呼吸道感染病原菌及其耐药情况,为实施科学防控提供依据。方法通过细菌分离培养方法和药敏试验,对某医院1 576例住院老年患者下呼吸道感染致病菌分布与耐药性进行了调查。结果从1 576例病人痰标本中检出致病菌738株,阳性率为46.8%。居首位的致病菌为革兰阴性杆菌,构成比为64.09%;其次为革兰阳性球菌,占34.28%。主要致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。革兰阴性杆菌对三代头孢抗菌药物耐药率达50%以上。结论老年患者下呼吸道感染致病菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌,其对三代头孢抗菌药物高度耐药。
Objective To investigate the pathogens and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods Bacterial isolation and culture methods and susceptibility testing were used to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infections in 1 576 hospitalized elderly patients in a hospital. Results A total of 738 pathogenic bacteria were detected in sputum from 1 576 patients, the positive rate was 46.8%. The first pathogen was Gram-negative bacilli, the constituent ratio was 64.09%, followed by Gram-positive cocci, accounting for 34.28%. The main pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus. Gram-negative bacilli third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial resistance rate of 50% or more. Conclusion The main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients are gram-negative bacilli, which are highly resistant to the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics.