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目的构建八维度健康信念模型,分析山东省农村居民周期性健康检查行为意向的影响因素,为提高居民健康检查参与率提供科学依据。方法 2014年3—9月,采用横断面调查方法分层随机抽取山东省胶南市、曲阜市和宁阳县农村居民共818人进行面对面问卷调查和定性访谈,测量人口学特征、周期性健康检查行为、健康信念模式各维度得分,并运用多元线性回归分析周期性健康检查行为意向的影响因素。结果调查对象行为意向得分为(4.43±0.80)分,健康信念各维度得分分别为自我效能(21.45±2.89)分、健康知识(21.43±5.04)分、社会支持(49.07±9.70)分、感知易感性(21.64±3.87)分、感知严重性(10.61±4.98)分、感知益处(13.82±1.51)分、感知障碍(10.15±3.10)分、提示因素(20.96±5.08)分;多元线性回归分析显示,年收入低、健康知识水平低、自我效能低、感知到障碍多、感知到的益处少、感知易感性弱的农村居民周期性健康检查行为意向较差,其中感知障碍对行为意向的影响最大。结论建议政府在医保资金上加大对临床预防服务的投入,同时以布告栏、乡村医生为媒介重点普及周期性健康检查知识,鼓励居民克服障碍,养成周期性健康检查的行为习惯。
Objective To construct a model of eight-dimensional health belief and analyze the influencing factors of rural residents’ periodic health check-up intentions in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the health check-up rate of residents. Methods From March to September of 2014, a total of 818 rural residents in Jiaonan City, Qufu City and Ningyang County were stratified by cross-sectional survey method to conduct face-to-face questionnaires and qualitative interviews. The demographic characteristics, periodic health check Behavioral and health beliefs, and analyzed the influencing factors of periodic health check-up intention by multivariate linear regression. Results The behavioral intention scores of the surveyed subjects were (4.43 ± 0.80) points, and the scores of health belief in all dimensions were self-efficacy (21.45 ± 2.89), health knowledge (21.43 ± 5.04) and social support (49.07 ± 9.70) (21.64 ± 3.87), perceived severity (10.61 ± 4.98), perceived benefit (13.82 ± 1.51), cognitive impairment (10.15 ± 3.10), suggesting that the factors (20.96 ± 5.08) points; multiple linear regression analysis showed , Low annual income, low level of health knowledge, low self-efficacy, perceived obstacles, less perceived benefits and less susceptibility to rural residents periodic health check-up behavior inaccurate, of which cognitive impairment has the greatest impact on behavioral intentions . Conclusions It is suggested that the government should increase its investment in clinical prevention services on the medical insurance funds. At the same time, we should popularize the knowledge of periodic health checkups on the bulletin board and village doctors as a medium to encourage residents to overcome obstacles and develop the habit of periodic health checkups.