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绒毛品质不仅影响绒山羊养殖的经济效益,还影响绒毛纺织品的质量。近年来,随着产绒量的提高,绒毛品质有下降趋势,为了提高生产效益,在生产过程中提高绒毛品质势在必行。绒毛品质是绒山羊育种中重要的选择参数,而控制绒毛品质的主要性状是数量性状,通过数量遗传学和分子遗传学寻找控制数量性状的主效基因,从而研究其生长机理和控制绒毛生长的基因的表达机制。作者综述了近年来有关绒毛品质的研究成果,其中包括通过表型选择来提高绒毛品质,且找到控制绒毛品质性状的HOX、BMP、KAP基因和色素基因等,还有寻找控制目标性状相应的QTL和对不同序列的SNPs进行GWAS分析,通过基因型的选择来提高绒毛品质,这些研究为提高绒毛品质奠定了理论基础,也为今后研究绒毛品质的遗传因素提供借鉴。
Fluff quality not only affects the cashmere goats breeding economic benefits, but also affect the quality of fluff textile. In recent years, with the increase of the amount of cashmere production, there is a downward trend in the quality of the pile, in order to improve the production efficiency, it is imperative to improve the quality of the pile in the production process. Villus quality is an important selection parameter in cashmere goats breeding, and the main trait of villus quality control is quantitative traits. Through quantitative genetics and molecular genetics, the main genes controlling the quantitative traits are searched to study their growth mechanism and control villus growth Gene expression mechanism. In this paper, the recent achievements in the study of villus quality are summarized, including the improvement of villus quality through phenotypic selection, the finding of HOX, BMP, KAP genes and pigment genes controlling villus quality traits, and the search for QTLs that control the target traits GWAS analysis of SNPs of different sequences, and the improvement of villus quality through the selection of genotypes, which laid a theoretical foundation for improving villus quality and provided reference for the future study of genetic factors of villus quality.