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面对收入分配的库兹涅茨倒U曲线在学术界的持续争论,本文将收入分配差距按其形成原因分解为自然性收入差距、制度性收入差距和结构性收入差距,说明一个经济体的收入差距走势取决于制度公平与不公平的力量对比,以及由技术创新引起的“领跑”与“追赶”的力量对比。在此基础上,科学地解释了库兹涅茨倒U曲线、正U之谜和东亚奇迹,并对各发展中国家的收入分配演变进行了最新的经验观察,得出结论:收入分配的库兹涅茨倒U曲线代表了人类社会由传统向现代发展的现代化进程中收入差距演变的一般趋势,但并非必然趋势。进行公平的制度建设,加快对传统的现代化改造,选择能增加低收入人群就业和收入的经济增长方式,有利于缓解发展中国家收入差距过大的问题,使库兹涅茨拐点尽早到来。
Faced with continuing controversy over the Kuznets-U-curve of income distribution in academia, this paper divides the income distribution gap into natural income gaps, institutional income gaps and structural income gaps according to their formation reasons, The trend of the income gap depends on the balance of power between system fairness and unfairness, and the power of “lead” and “catch-up” caused by technological innovation. On this basis, we scientifically explained the inverted U-curve of Kuznets, the mystery of positive U and the wonders of East Asia. We also made a most recent empirical observation of the evolution of income distribution in various developing countries and concluded that the distribution of income The inverted U-curve of Z-nets represents the general trend of the evolution of income inequality in the process of modernization of human society from tradition to modern development, but it is not an inevitable trend. Carrying out a fair system of construction, speeding up the modernization of the traditional economy, and choosing an economic growth mode that can increase the employment and income of low-income people will help alleviate the problem of too large a income gap in developing countries and bring Kuznets to an early start.