目的了解胸外科病房医院感染分布及相关因素,采取控制措施。方法对2008年1-12月收治的患者进行重点监测,采取前瞻性和回顾性调查的方法,感染科专职人员参加科内查房,查看住院病历,发现问题,讨论解决方法,对疑有感染者及时送标本细菌培养与药敏试验,进一步采取有效的治疗预防措施。结果监测病例619例,感染病例46例,感染率7.43%,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占76.09%,手术患者下呼吸道感染率为13.66%;病原菌以革兰阴性菌占首位66.67%,革兰阳性菌为14.10%,真菌为19.23%,其中铜绿假单胞菌最多。结论麻醉气管插管、基础疾病、老年体弱呼吸功能差、咳嗽乏力排痰不畅是引起肺部感染的主要原因,通过加强呼吸功能训练,促进咳嗽、排痰、加强消毒灭菌,合理使用抗菌药物,使感染率下降。 Objective To understand the distribution of thoracic ward hospital infection and related factors, to take control measures. Methods The patients admitted from January to December in 2008 were monitored in a prospective and retrospective manner. Infectious diseases department full-time staff participated in the rounds of examination in the department, examined the inpatient records, found the problems, discussed the solutions, In a timely manner to send specimens of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, to further take effective treatment and prevention measures. Results 619 cases were detected, 46 cases were infected, the infection rate was 7.43%. The main respiratory tract was 76.09% and the lower respiratory tract infection rate was 13.66%. The pathogen was Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 66.67% Positive bacteria was 14.10%, fungi was 19.23%, of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa most. Conclusion Anesthesia tracheal intubation, underlying diseases, frail elderly respiratory dysfunction, poor cough and sputum discharge are the main causes of pulmonary infection. By strengthening respiratory training, promoting cough, phlegm, and strengthening the disinfection and sterilization, rational use Antimicrobial drugs, the infection rate decreased.