清末民初,随着西方学术观念输入中国,“文学”由传统的孔门四科之一演变成近代学科的一支,用于指称以语言为表达方式的艺术。新文化运动前后,由讨论文学的定义、文学的范围等问题出发,学术界对“文学”概念的内涵和外延重加界定,逐步确立了以西方“纯文学”史观为核心的文学观念。以此观念为基础,文学史家建构的中国文学历史颇富当代意义。大部分传统文学批评中的文学体类被排除在文学史书写之外,文学史书写与中国文学历史进程产生疏离。对20世纪前期中国文学史书写中核心问题的梳理,能更切近地把握“文学”观念转换的历史进程,以及中国文学史写作基本理念的确立。 At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the introduction of Western academic ideas into China, “Literature ” evolved into one of modern disciplines from one of the traditional Confucian disciplines and used to refer to the art of using language as an expression. Before and after the New Culture Movement, starting from the definition of discussion literature and the scope of literature, the academic circle redefined the connotation and extension of the concept of “literature”, and gradually established the view that Western “pure literature” Literary concept. Based on this concept, the history of Chinese literature constructed by literary historians is of great contemporary significance. Most of the literary genres in traditional literary criticism are excluded from the writing of literary history, and the writing of literary history is alienated from the historical process of Chinese literature. The review of the core issues in the writing of Chinese literary history in the early 20th century can more closely grasp the historical process of the conversion of the concept of “literature” and the establishment of the basic concept of Chinese literary history writing.