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目的了解广西柳州市城乡中学生伤害与心理社会能力缺陷关系,探讨伤害预防适宜途径。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2007年11月对柳州市12所中小学1 517名城市中学生和717名乡村中学生进行问卷调查。结果乡村中学生伤害发生率为30.82%,高于城市的21.09%(χ2=24.58,P<0.01),初中生伤害发生率为30.21%,高于高中生的18.41%(χ2=41.69,P<0.01),男生伤害发生率为29.67%,高于女生的19.79%(χ2=28.86,P<0.01);城市和乡村中学生伤害和心理社会能力缺陷影响因子大致相同,自认更能冒险(城市OR=1.74,乡村OR=1.96)、喜欢表现大胆(城市OR=2.30,乡村OR=3.01)、易被激怒(城市OR=2.54,乡村OR=1.98)、有依赖倾向(城市OR=1.46,乡村OR=1.91)、处理事情倾向于冲动(城市OR=2.10,乡村OR=2.01)等心理社会能力缺陷是城市和乡村中学生伤害发生的危险因素,常被家长禁止做同龄人可做的事、常被家长打骂、亲子交流偏少等家庭因素是心理社会能力缺陷的危险因素。结论伤害发生与学生心理社会能力缺陷密切相关。
Objective To understand the relationship between injury and psychosocial defects of middle school students in urban and rural areas in Liuzhou, Guangxi, and to explore appropriate ways of injury prevention. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 517 urban middle school students and 717 rural middle school students in 12 primary and secondary schools in Liuzhou in November 2007. Results The incidence of injury among rural middle school students was 30.82%, higher than that of the city (21.09%) (χ2 = 24.58, P <0.01). The incidence of junior high school students was 30.21%, higher than that of high school students (χ2 = 41.69, ), The incidence of male injuries was 29.67%, higher than 19.79% of female students (χ2 = 28.86, P <0.01); urban and rural secondary school students and psychosocial defects were approximately the same, (OR = 1.74, OR = 1.96, OR = 1.96, OR = 1.96, OR = 1.91 for rural and OR = 1.91). The psychosocial deficiencies in handling things tend to be impulsive (urban OR = 2.10, rural OR = 2.01) and other psychosocial defects are risk factors for urban and rural middle school students’ injuries. They are often forbidden by parents to do what their peers can do, Family factors such as scolding and less parent-child communication are risk factors for mental and social disabilities. Conclusions The occurrence of injuries is closely related to students’ psychological and social abilities.