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[Objective] The research aimed to determine the optimum extraction technology of volatile oil from Rhododendron capitatum.[Method] Three factors of extraction time (A),soaking time (B),water-adding multiple (C) were selected with three levels in each factor.Using the orthogonal test,taking the extraction amount of volatile oil as the observation index,the best conditions of water steam distillation method were screened out.[Result] The influence ranking of three factors on the extraction process of volatile oil was as follows:extraction time>soaking time> water-adding multiple.The optimum combination was A2B2C1,that was to say,adding water ten times,extraction time of 3 h,soaking time of 2 h.Because water addition had little effect on the extraction amount of volatile oil,it was determined as 1:8 so as to save the cost.So the optimum extraction process was determined as A2B2C1.The verification test was carried under these conditions.The extraction amount of volatile oil was 1.5% with RSD=0.066%,which indicated that the optimized method was accurate and reliable.[Conclusion] The optimized extraction method is easy to control and it has simple instrumentation.The research provides a theoretical basis for the production and wide use of Rhododendron capitatum.