目的研究遗传因素在小儿消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）发病中的作用．方法内镜诊断３～１４岁ＰＵ患儿５２例，抽血测定血型，并随访患儿的遗传度及家族发病情况．同时问卷调查了本市３所小学１１１９位学生家系中一级亲属ＰＵ发病率，按照遗传度计算公式求出小儿ＰＵ的遗传度．结果儿童ＰＵ中多见的是十二指肠溃疡，首次发病年龄＜９岁占４８％，男性患者约为女性２倍，体形多为瘦长形，体块指数＜４５占６７３０％，Ｒｈ＋Ｏ血型人占４６１５％，有ＰＵ家族史为４８０８％，患者一级亲属ＰＵ发病率约为群体的１１倍，其遗传度为１０８６６％．结论小儿ＰＵ与成人不完全相同，遗传因素在本病的发生中起着十分重要的作用． Objective To study the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer (PU) in children. Methods 52 cases of PU children aged 3 ~ 14 years old were diagnosed by endoscopy. The blood type was determined by blood sampling and the heritability and familial incidence of children were followed up. At the same time, the questionnaire surveyed the incidence of PU in first-degree relatives of 1119 students in 3 elementary schools in this city, and calculated the heritability of children’s PU according to the genetic formula. Results The most common childhood PU was duodenal ulcer. The first onset age was 48% in children <9 years old. The male patients were about twice as females, the majority were thin and elongated, the body mass index <4.5 was 6730% , Rh + O blood type accounted for 46.15%, PU family history was 48.08%. The incidence of PU in first-degree relatives was about 11 times that of the population, and the heritability was 108.66%. Conclusion Children PU and adults are not exactly the same, genetic factors in the occurrence of this disease plays a very important role.