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[目的]通过研究不同种植年限枣园土壤营养元素含量变化特征,分析枣园种植年限对土壤营养元素变化的影响趋势,探明枣园退化关键原因,为枣园退化提供理论支持。[方法]研究3年、5年、7年种植年限枣园,按照枣树冠幅内、外一周各取0~20 cm和20~40 cm各4个土样混合,分析土壤速效氮磷钾、有机质、全氮、盐分、微量元素含量,分析土壤营养元素含量变化特征。[结果]3年、5年、7年果园冠幅内外土壤0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤微量元素(效硼、铜、铁、锰、锌)和土壤速效钾随着种植年限而降低;冠幅内土壤0~20 cm土壤速效氮、有机质随着种植年限增加而降低;冠幅外土壤20~40 cm的土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量随着种植年限的增加而降低。[结论]由于新疆南部地区果园普遍不施微肥以及不施或少施钾肥,而随着种植年限的增加,果树根系及作物吸收消耗了土壤有效硼、铜、铁、锰、锌和钾元素,使得土壤微量及钾肥呈现降低趋势。同时果树和大田作物根系分布的差异性以及大田作物间耕作效应,使得冠幅内外在不同深度土壤养分含量存在差异性;果树根系较深,对冠幅外土壤深层养分吸收消耗较多,随着种植年限的增加,在施肥过程中不能及时补充就会造成土壤养分消耗降低,使得果园土壤退化。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the variation of nutrient elements in jujube orchards in different planting years, and analyze the trend of jujube plantation years on the changes of nutrient elements in soil. The key reasons of jujube degradation were analyzed to provide theoretical support for the degradation of jujube orchards. [Method] The jujube garden of 3 years, 5 years and 7 years was studied. Four soil samples of 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm were collected from the inside and outside of the crown of the jujube. The contents of available N, Organic matter, total nitrogen, salt, trace element content, analysis of soil nutrient content changes. [Result] The contents of trace elements (available boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc) and soil available potassium in 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil layers of orchards in three years, five years and seven years decreased with planting years ; Available nitrogen and organic matter in 0 ~ 20 cm soil of crown soil decreased with the increase of planting time; the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in 20 ~ 40 cm soil of crown soil decreased with increasing planting time. [Conclusion] Because the orchards in the southern part of Xinjiang Province generally did not fertilize the crop and no or less applied K fertilizer, with the increase of the planting time, the available boron and copper, iron, manganese, zinc and potassium , Making the soil trace and potassium present a downward trend. At the same time, the difference of root distribution between fruit trees and field crops and the tillage effect between field crops resulted in differences in soil nutrient contents at different depths between inside and outside of crown. Deep root system of fruit trees consumed more nutrient absorption of deep soil outside crown width, The increase of planting years, can not be replenished in the process of fertilization will result in reduced soil nutrient consumption, making the orchard soil degradation.