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价格监管应以促进效率与公平为基本目标。被监管企业有效率且可持续运营、公平负担、兼顾社会政策目标、便于理解和执行是价格监管的四项基本原则。“回报率管制”侧重于直接控制被管制企业的成本和资本报酬,被认为是“基于成本的管制”;“上限制”在一定期间内并不直接控制被管制企业的成本和利润,而是侧重于效率的激励,被认为是“基于绩效的管制”。自然垄断行业虽然适宜独家经营,但仍可通过间接的途径引入竞争机制。价格结构设计的基本原则是价格与成本相符。“交叉补贴”仅可用于居民用户之间,并非所有地区的所有公用事业行业普遍适用。
Price regulation should be based on the promotion of efficiency and fairness as the basic objective. The efficient and sustainable operation of the regulated enterprises, fair burden, taking into account the social policy objectives, easy to understand and implement the four basic principles of price regulation. “Rate of return control ” focuses on the direct control of the cost of controlled enterprises and capital remuneration, is considered “cost-based control ” “limit ” does not directly control the controlled enterprises Costs and profits, but rather an incentive to focus on efficiency, are considered “performance-based controls.” Although natural monopoly industries are suitable for exclusive operation, they can still introduce competition mechanisms through indirect channels. The basic principle of price structure design is that price and cost are in line. “Cross subsidies ” can only be used for residential users, not all utilities in all regions generally applicable.