本文的目的是:(1)复习适用的技术,包括传统的培养和血清学方法以及某些较新的和快速的诊断方法;(2)为采集标本及寻找有助于常规和疑难问题诊断的简易方法提供指导;(3)考虑到因某些理由而应作出特异的诊断;(4)通过病例研究,评价临床实践中遇到的某些常见的和相对紧急 The purpose of this article is to: (1) review the applicable techniques, including traditional culture and serological methods, and some newer and faster diagnostic methods; (2) to collect specimens and find useful diagnostic tools for routine and difficult problems Simple methods to provide guidance; (3) to allow for specific reasons should make a specific diagnosis; (4) through case studies, evaluation of clinical practice encountered some common and relatively urgent