在同等体积、同等质量和同等冷却环境下,温度高的液体比温度低的液体先结冰的现象通常称为穆宾巴(Mpemba)效应。物理学家对这一现象做了较为详尽的研究,但是目前仍存在多种解释。本文从液体蒸发、对流传热、气体溶解、导热等几个方面对这一现象的成因进行了系统分析。 Under the same volume, the same quality and the same cooling environment, the phenomenon that the liquid with a higher temperature is frozen than the liquid with a lower temperature is generally called the Mpemba effect. Physicists have done a more detailed study of this phenomenon, but there are still many explanations. This article systematically analyzes the causes of this phenomenon from the aspects of liquid evaporation, convection heat transfer, gas dissolution and heat conduction.