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脂肪组织是人体重要的能量贮存器官,同时还是一个重要的内分泌器官。适量的脂肪组织为人体所必需,但过多或过少的脂肪组织都会引起代谢综合征。脂肪细胞起源于血管基质中多潜能干细胞,这类干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化的潜能,在合适的条件下不仅可以分化为脂肪细胞,还可分化为肌肉细胞、软骨细胞和成骨细胞等中胚层来源的细胞。从多潜能干细胞到脂肪细胞的发育阶段可被分为三个阶段:(1)多潜能干细胞;(2)前脂肪细胞;(3)脂肪细胞。目前本领域的研究集中在干细胞定向为前脂肪细胞的机理以及这些定向为前脂肪细胞的干细胞的来源。该文将对从多潜能干细胞发育分化为成熟脂肪细胞的过程进行详细的阐述。
Adipose tissue is an important energy storage organ in the human body and is also an important endocrine organ. The right amount of fat tissue is necessary for the body, but too much or too little fat tissue can cause metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes originated from the pluripotent stem cells in the vascular matrix. These stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Under suitable conditions, adipocytes can not only differentiate into adipocytes, but also differentiate into muscle cells, chondrocytes and osteoblasts Mesoderm-derived cells. The developmental phase from multipotent stem cells to adipocytes can be divided into three phases: (1) pluripotent stem cells; (2) preadipocytes; (3) adipocytes. Current research in the field has focused on the mechanisms by which stem cells are targeted to preadipocytes and the origin of these stem cells directed to preadipocytes. This article will elaborate on the process of differentiation from pluripotent stem cells into mature adipocytes.