按劳分配能否实现,取决于对劳动的计量。为实现对劳动的计量,必须依据一定的客观标准,而标准的选择与确定,又要由计量的对象来决定。 在马克思设想的个别劳动与社会劳动相统一的产品经济条件下,实际耗费的个别劳动就是计量对象,进而决定了劳动的自然时间就是计量标准。而在社会主义初级阶段,全社会范围内的商品经济条件下,不同公有化程度的劳动联合体是商品生产者,他们的劳动对全社会而言是个别劳动,作为分配依据和计量对象的劳动者的个人劳动,必须汇入集体劳动中形成产品,并通过交换得到社会承认,才能转化为社会必要劳动。这种转化及其程度,是作为分配主体的劳动联合体对其内部成员进行分配的物质前提。既然分 Whether the distribution according to work can be achieved depends on the measurement of labor. In order to realize the measurement of labor, we must base ourselves on certain objective criteria, and the selection and determination of standards must be decided by the objects of measurement. Under the product economy in which Marx envisaged the combination of individual labor and social labor, the individual labor actually consumed is the object of measurement, which in turn determines the natural time of labor as the measurement standard. In the primary stage of socialism and under the commodity economy within the whole society, labor unions with different levels of public ownership are commodity producers. Their labor is individual labor for the whole society and labor as the basis for distribution and measurement Individual labor must be imported into collective labor to form a product and be exchanged for social recognition through exchange, so that it can be transformed into necessary social work. This transformation and its extent are the material prerequisites for the distribution of its internal members by the labor unions that are the agents of distribution. Since points