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目的了解儿童监护人对脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)灭活疫苗(IPV)纳入国家免疫规划(NIP)的认识和有关政策了解情况,为中国脊灰疫苗转换宣传沟通提供依据。方法在天津市、吉林省、湖北省、广东省、宁夏回族自治区,通过省级预防接种信息系统随机抽取500名0~1岁儿童的监护人,借助12320卫生热线平台开展IPV纳入NIP认可程度电话调查。结果实际调查2 198名儿童监护人,有效调查问卷完成95.6%。89.26%调查对象知道口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV),49.95%知道OPV可以预防脊灰。20.2%知道IPV,仅14.79%知道IPV可以预防脊灰。仅5.28%调查对象知道OPV能引起疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰(VAPP),知道IPV局部接种反应调查对象比例为3.78%。如果IPV自费,58.83%的儿童监护人会自愿接种;如果IPV免费接种,有88.67%愿意接种,80.57%的儿童监护人愿意接种国产IPV。近10.79%的调查对象知道国家拟计划将IPV纳入常规免疫。当IPV短缺时,82.0%愿意听从医生安排。通过接种点医生来获得疫苗接种有关信息占84.2%。结论儿童监护人对OPV和其预防作用了解较多,但对IPV了解较少,IPV纳入NIP政策知晓率低。监护人愿意为儿童接种IPV,对预防接种人员的安排依从性较好。儿童监护人支持IPV纳入NIP,预防接种人员应将此政策充分告知儿童监护人。
Objective To understand the awareness of children guardians about the inclusion of poliomyelitis (poliovirus) inactivated vaccine (IPV) in the National Immunization Program (NIP) and related policies so as to provide evidence for the exchange of polio vaccine in China. Methods 500 guardians from 0 to 1 year old were randomly selected from provincial vaccination information system in Tianjin, Jilin Province, Hubei Province, Guangdong Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. With the help of 12320 health hotline platform, IPV was included in the NIP telephone survey . Results The actual survey of 2 198 child guardians, valid questionnaires completed 95.6%. 89.26% of the respondents knew that live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), 49.95% knew that OPV can prevent polio. 20.2% knew IPV, and only 14.79% knew that IPV could prevent polio. Only 5.28% of the respondents knew that OPV caused vaccine-associated paralytic poliovirus (VAPP), and the proportion of respondents receiving IPV inoculation was 3.78%. If the IPV pays for itself, 58.83% of the guardians of the child voluntarily vaccinate; if the IPV is vaccinated free of charge, 88.67% are willing to inoculate and 80.57% of the guardians of the child are willing to vaccinate the domestic IPV. Nearly 10.79% of the respondents knew that the country planned to include IPV in routine immunization. When the IPV was short, 82.0% would like to listen to the doctors. About 84.2% of the information on vaccination was obtained through vaccination of doctors. Conclusion The children’s guardians know more about OPV and their preventive effects, but they have less knowledge of IPV and low awareness rate of IPVs into the NIP policy. Guardians are willing to vaccinate children against IPV and have good compliance with vaccination arrangements. Child guardians support IPV inclusion in the NIP, and vaccists should fully inform child guardians of this policy.