中西治学方式的差异主要表现在三方面 :一是在处理“学” (基础理论研究 )与“术” (应用研究 )关系时有所不同。西方的“学”与“术”是两种不同的层次 ,两者分工明确 ,而且紧密结合。而中国则“学”、“术”不分或有“术”无“学”。二是在对待“博”与“专”的关系时有差异。西方学者大多“先专后博” ,即先进入某一个领域 ,进行深入、细致的研究 ,做出成果后再扩大知识面。中国传统的学者多为“先博后专” ,即先打好扎实的基础 ,掌握广博的知识 ,然后再进入某一个专业领域进行研究。三是研究的注重点不同 ,即“点”与“面”的差异。所谓“点” ,即研究的视角集中在社会或文化的某一要素或某一主题 ;所谓“面” ,即研究的视角大多是一个专题或一个领域。西方学术注重“点” ,而中国学术强调“面”。 Differences in the ways of Chinese and Western scholarship mainly in three aspects: First, in dealing with “learning” (basic theoretical research) and “surgery” (applied research) relationship is different. Western “learning” and “surgery” are two different levels, the two division of labor is clear, and closely integrated. While China is “learning”, “surgery” regardless of or “surgery” without “learning.” Second, there are differences in the relationship between “Bo” and “special”. Most Western scholars “post-post Bo,” that is, to enter a particular field, conduct in-depth and meticulous research, and then expand the knowledge to make results. Chinese traditional scholars are mostly “post-Bo post-secondary”, that is, lay a solid foundation, master a wide range of knowledge, and then enter a field of expertise to conduct research. Third, the focus of research is different, that is, “point” and “surface” differences. The so-called “point”, that is, the research perspective focuses on a particular element of society or culture or a topic; the so-called “face”, that is, the research perspective is mostly a topic or an area. Western academic emphasis on “point”, while Chinese academic emphasis “surface.”