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作为“第四等级”的报刊是一整套有关政府、公民身份、公众舆论与报刊自由相互关系的理论,它在英国近代政治哲学那里得到了系统的论述。近些年来,关于媒介作为第四等级的社会功能与角色曾一度成为国内新闻学界广泛关注的问题,但却鲜有从政治学理上对其具体义涵进行追根溯源的分析与阐述,因此,本文拟选取英国近代自由主义之父洛克,功利主义政治学代表边沁与詹姆斯?密尔的相关政治学说和他们有关新闻自由与报刊的认识来分析政治学说为“第四等级”所提供的理论支持,从而深入我们对报刊作为“第四等级”的理解。
The press as “the fourth rank” is a set of theories about the interrelationship between government, citizenship, public opinion and press freedom. It has been systematically discussed in the political philosophy of modern England. In recent years, the social function and role of the media as a fourth rank has once become the widespread concern of the domestic journalism circles, but seldom has it analyzed and elaborated on the specific meaning of the media from the political theory. Therefore, It is hoped that John Locke, the father of modern British liberalism, politics theory of utilitarian politics on behalf of Bentham and James Mill, and their understanding of freedom of the press and the press will be used to analyze the political theory as provided by the “fourth rank” Theoretical support, thus deepening our understanding of the press as a “fourth rank.”