Dendritic cells (DCs) as a rare type of leukocytes play an important role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system.A subset of DCs,monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs),exists in very low numbers at steady state but become abundant in inflammatory states.These inflammation-associated DCs are potent producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines and potent inducers of T helper differentiation.They behave as a “double-edge” sword so that they not only mediate protective immunity but also immuno-pathology.It is still incompletely understood how their function is regulated,Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs),as a new class of gene regulators,potently regulate the function of moDCs.Here we summarize recent progress in this area.